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Thursday, April 23, 2015

Over-the-counter drugs may regrow damaged cells in MS

An artist’s representation of the study.
Scientists found that certain drugs
were able to promote remyelination
in mouse models of multiple sclerosis.
Image courtesy of Case Western
Reserve University;
Illustrator: Megan Kern
MS DIGEST – April 20, 2015 – Two drugs already on the market — an antifungal and a steroid — may potentially treat multiple sclerosis by stimulating myelin growth, according to a study published in Nature today.

Researchers led by Paul J. Tesar, Ph.D., associate professor at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Cleveland discovered that the drugs miconazole (an antifungal) and clobetasol (a steroid), activate stem cells in the brain to stimulate myelin producing cells and repair white matter, which is damaged in multiple sclerosis.

Adult brains contain oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which are stem cells that generate myelin-producing cells. OPCs are found to multiply in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients as if to respond to myelin damage, but for unknown reasons they are not effective in restoring white matter

The researchers injected the drugs into a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. They found that both drugs were effective in activating OPCs to enhance myelination and reverse paralysis. As a result, almost all of the animals regained the use of their hind limbs. They also found that the drugs acted through two very different molecular mechanisms. 

It is unknown how myelin-producing cells are damaged, but research suggests they may be targeted by malfunctioning immune cells and that multiple sclerosis may start as an autoimmune disorder.

1 comment:

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